Air conditioning for railway cars



April l2, '1932. J. VAN VULPEN l-:T AL 1,853547 7 I AIR CONDITIONING FORRAILWAY CARS Filed Jan. l2, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet l ,miel

- @mais Apnl l2, 1932. J. VAN vULPl-:N ET AL 1,853,477

AIR CONDITIONING FOR RAILWAY CARS Filed Jan. 12, 1931 3 Sheecs-SheelI `2u fo n lz n April 12, `193`2- J. VAN vULPl-:N ET AL 1,853,477

AIR CONDITIONING FOR RAILWAY CARS Filed Jan. 12, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3ORS Imfe` I z (MJIMe/z Y andEdz//aIa/ ZAS'J@ www y fm Patented Apr. 12,1932 UNITED STATES PATENTl OFFICE JOHN VAN VULPEN AND EDWARD A.RUSSELL', OF CHICAGO,ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS TO VAPOR CAR HEATING COMPANY,INC., OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK AIR CONDITIONINGFOR RAILWAY` CARS Application led January 12, 1'9'31. Serial No.508,154.

10 perature conditions may require. Brieiiy described, the systemembodies a single air cir.

culating means adapted to draw air through a refrigerating medium anddischarge it into the upper portion of the car, or alternatively 15 towithdraw air from within or outside the car and discharge this air overthe radiators of the heating system into the car, the air subsequentlybeing exhausted through ven-` tilators in the upper portion of the car.More speciiically, an air duc-t or ducts are provided in the upperportion of the car with which communicate the usual ventilators leadingto the outer air, the ducts also having discharge openings communicatingwith the space within the car. These ducts may be either utilized forexhausting spent air from the car through the ventilators, orfordischarging cooledrair into the car when the ventilators are closed.Thelieating system embodies concealed radiators positioned in the lowerport-ion of the car, and passages are provided for either dischargingair over the radiators into the caror-with'drawing air from thev lowerportion ot the car when the retrigerating system is in operation'.AValved connections are provided whereby the4 Aair circulating meanscan"eith'er force cooled air v ysubstantially on the .line 3f3of Fig. 1.

from the refrigerating ,system `through the duc-ts into the car, Yorvorceair through the lower passages over the radiators when theheatingsystem is in operation.v An aiiilcty is provided for drawinginlair from'outside y the car, and means provided for humiditying this.,air.- Thermostatically controlled inlets to the air circulatinggmeanscontrol-the air circulation .so that when 'the temperaturev within thelcar hasbeen sufficiently lowered, the air will be inerolvcirculate'dwithout passing through the reirigeratingmeans.

The generalobject of this invention is to `lowing detailed descriptionof certain.

:substantially on the line v4---4 of Fig..

provide a combined temperature controlling and Ventilating system of thetype briefly described hereinabove and disclosed more in 'detail in thespecifications which follow.

Another object is to provide an'improved Ventilating system for railwaycars. Another Objectis to provide an improved system for circulatingheated air through railway cars. l r

Another object is to provide an improved system for cooling andcirculating air in railway cars.

vAnother `object is to provide improved means for regulatingthetemperature of the air within a railway car.y

Another object is toY provideI improved means for humidifying the airwithin theV railway car.

Another object isto provide an improvedv system of aircirculatingpassages Within a railway *car adapted to be used'- as partof either a heating or cooling system.

Other objects and'advantages of this in- Ventionwill be more apparentfrom `the folprinciples of this invention;

a tge.

' In the accompanying drawingsz.

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section'through za.

proved `forms `of apparatus `embodying "portion, of va railway car,partially broken away, Vmany of the features of thistemperaturecontrolling and Ventilating system being.k indicateddiagrammatically.A

Fig. 2` fis aninverted plangviewloftheiV upper, portion of the car, the.Viewbeing takensubstantially on the line 2V-f2 of'Fi .1.

Fig.V 3 isaV transverse vertical 'scctionita en Fig. 4 isa transverseVertical section taken 1. In Figrlt a lmodified formiof,ventilatinl ductis shown in the top ofthe car, otherwise'the v disclosure is the same asinFigsl 1- and2` Fig;v 5 `is' apartial Vertical section taken` YIigng isa'p'artial longitudinalsectizon" 1showingaA modified form of heatingsystem.V SFig.Y 7 'is a" partial vertical section, on a yeo i oor beingshown with heat-insulated walls. As shown in the drawings, the bodyportion of the car is indicated more or less diagrammatically, the at 1,the side walls at 2, the windows at 3, the roof at 4, and the clearstory at 5. A fragment of the underframe is indicated at 6 but thetrucks and gearvare not shown.

Various types of heating systems may be used, but preferably a vapor orsteamY heatingsystem of the type partially disclosed vherein will beincorporated in this combined system. The heating unit herein shownwillbe'fpos'itioned at one side of the car for all or a portion of thelength thereof depending upon the' type of car to which the system isadapted. It willbe understood that a simi- "lar heating unit is used atthe opposite side ofthe car,"a`ndV in cars having passenger spaces 'ofvconsiderable length, such i as coaches, two suahheatingsystems may beused yat one side of the car one leading from each end of the car to a.position substantially midway of thecar. I't will be' understood thatthese same remarks apply to manyfeatures of the cooling andventilatingsystems hereinafter disclosed.

` Referring first to the type of heating system` shown in vFigspl to 5.inclusive, the vapor regulator -7 positioned beneath the car 1sconnected with the source of steam supply.

in theusual manner-,fand is adapted to discharge condensate andnon-eondensable gases beneath the -c'arin' the usual manner. The vaporregulator 7 is connected with the distributing valve 10 ybythe supplyand return pipes 8 and' 3 respectively. "A manually operated controllerl1 is indicated forthe distributing valve, but it is Vto VVbe understoodthat this valve may be controlled thermostatically in response 4totemperature changes Within the car,"in the'manner wellV knownV in this"art. A radiating pipe loop consistingof theup'per inletpipe turnVpipe`l`4Y receives vapor fromrand'dis# 1 2, loop 13 andllowerrechargesgases andcondensate back into the distributing? valve 10.` Thisradiating loop -is vfr oiilf1-ted within theilower side wallof .the-Arailway'T car,V and Yin `each space' 15 'beneath oneof the windows3`isprov`ided withV a plun 1 6^ to provideextended these points;v Eachradiatiiig" surfaees 5 at heating space 151is'provided with@ lower. airinlet 17 adjacent the-Hoor 1', Vand upper Vair.outlets 1'8fandi19ftheoutlet 18 discharg-g ing `heated air voutwardly'into the of the ear, andtheoutltf 1 9 discharging heated `air upwardly V through lthe window1120.

The floi'v' Ofair into a' ndfithrough the lifeatingspacel'risindicated-by the'sniall arrowsV in Fig". 4., TA' secendfheatingllcobamplia ing pipes 21and 22 isv shown'as eatendingA running with ltion of.the water@ that communication between the air ducts L and theventilators may be cut oif When de!) sired. In the form here shown, eachof these closures consists of a plurality of vanes or louvres 2T whichmay be simultaneously swung together to close the opening or swung outat angles to permit a freepassage of air through the opening. In theforni here` shown, the duct 24 is of generally triangular cross sectionwith a concaved inner side so as to conform to the general outlines ofthe car roof. As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, this duct communicates withthe space within `the car along its lowerV edge through a plurality of.openings V28 above and at either side of abottom closureor bafHe member29. In the modied formshown in Fig. 4, the outlets 28 and baffle 29 arepositoned to communie c cate with an outlet 30 at the upper inner edgeofthe triangular duct 24. This particular form of air duct is preferablefor use in Pullman cars or sleepingcars where it is preferable t'odischarge the cold air nearer the center of the car and not directl fabove the upper berths at either side of t e car. Except for theposition of these air outlets or inlets, the formsof airducts 24 are thesame in both FigsB and 4. f

AThe humidifier 23 already referred to, a refrigeratingelement 31, and asuitable fan or other air circulating means 32, are'all located in achamber ,33 which may be located in any'available position in the car,but is desirably located overhead and adjacent the end ofthe car asindicated inthe drawings. Chamber 33 has a suitable air'V inlet 34communicatingwith'the outer air and provided a closure adjustable byanysuitable means such as 35v so as to cutoff or regulate the'inlowofoutside air tof'ch'amber 33.: The humidifier 23 may beof any'approvedtype, preferably comprising a plurality of pans or receptaclescontaining water'and a suitable lheating element iforexpediting thevaporiza- The refrigeratingV elei ment-31may be of any Aapproved type,either ice.'v It will begof c mechanical or cooled seine openconstruction so that air may flow through in contact witlntherefrigerating-- elements. -The fan 32lhasfaninlet 36 forV withdrawingair froinchamber 33, and a disv charge passage 37 which communicates at38 with the inlettoairduct24. IA second air passage 39 leads at 4 0fronti-the Idischarge port 37 of the fan, 'this passage 39 leading downat one side of the ear and communicatmg with a. horizontal passage 41which rill 43 through which air may be discharged l rom passage 41 intothe space v15 containing the radiatinor unit, or, conversely, air may beWithdrawn Irom this space 15 into passage 41 when the refrigeratingsystem is in operation. Preferably the lower air passage 4l willdecrease in area as it progresses length- Wise of the car from thevertical passage 39L so as to provide amore equal-distribution of airthrough the several outlets 42.

A closure member or valve 44 pivoted at 45 may be swung from ahorizontal position closing the air passage 39 from the discharge port37 of the fan, as shown in solid lines in Fig. 5, to a vertical positionas shown in dotted linesin Fig. 5, in which latter position it will cutoff the air duct 24 from the discharge port of the fan. An outletprovided with a valve or closure 46 is provided in the upperv portion ofair passage 39 adjacent the air inlets to chamber 33 hereinafterdescribed. A manually operable lever 47 is connected by means comprisinga slide rod 48 with theseveral closures 27 for ventilators 25, and thissame operating mechanism hasrod and lever connections indicatedgenerally at .49 with the two valves or closures 44 and 46. When thelever 47 is swung to one positiolnfor ex# ample as shown in. thedrawngs,the `closures 27 for the ventilators will all be moved -to closedposition, valve or closure 44 Willfbe moved to cut oil'l the airpassagev39 and open the air duct 24 to the dischargeof fan 32. and valveor closure 46 in air passage 39 will be opened. When the lever 47 isswung tothe other position, closure 46 will bel closed', clo-1 from thespace Within the car to the chamber f 33. These inlets are providedvwith closures 52 and 53 respectively, in the form here shown consistingof'vanes or louvres which may be4 shiftedfrom the closed position shownat v52 to the open position shown at 53. An' operating motor 54 is.connected'gwith these `closures lthrough links `55 so that" whenV onelclosure such as 52 is shifted to closed -position'the other closure'suchas'53'will bemoved to open position, and vice versa. I hen.V closure;-`53 is open as shown in`thedrawings) ,the {ar delivered through-thisinletfromth'e interior; of the car passessdirectly.'toitheinlet 360i.-fan 32. Then closure 53 isv closed andfclosure;

52 is open, the air` passing through inlet 50 must pass'throughrefrigerating element 31 before it reaches the inlet to fan 32. Themotor 54 is controlled from a thermostat 56 positioned within thepassenger compartmentof the car. This samethermostat could be used tocontrol the distributing valve of the heatingsystem.

In the general operation of this system,

supposing that temperature conditions/are such that it is desirable to.supply heat to the car, the control lever 47 will be shifted so Athatthe ventilators 25 vwill be opened,the

closure 44will be moved to vertical osition tocut off the air duct 24from the an and open the air passage 39 sol that the fan will dischargeits air through this air passage. The closure 46 in passage 39-Will`bemoved to closed position, and the air inlet 51 willautomatically bemoved ,to the open position shown in the drawings on account of the lowtemperature existing in the car. The fun 32 will now withdraw air fromwithin the cary through inlet 51, and additional outside air maybe drawnin through inlet34, the desired moisture being added by means ofthehumidifier 23. This air is forced through air passages 39 and .41and'discharged through the outlets 42 into the spaces 15 wherein it isheated by passage over the radiatin units and discharged into theinterioroi tie car through outlets 18 and 19. Thespent air isV so. as toclose the ventilators 25 and open the airfduct 24 to thecdischargeport37 of fan 32. Y

At this time the air passage 39 will be out off from the fan by closure44 and the airport 46 in air passage 39 will be opened, as noW-indicatedin Fig. 1'. Assuming that the temperature in thepassenger compartment ofthe car isabove the desired temperature fork which thermostat56 isadjusted, the motor 54 will have operated to open'the valveor closure 52and close vthe valveor closure 53.- Air willbe drawn. into chamber 33through 'opening 50 (and from theoutside airY through inlet 34 ifdesired) andthisair will be drawn through the refrigerating element 31and cooled and then discharged through air duct 2,4 and outlets 28 intothe interior of the car.- rIt will be noted that the ventilators 2,5 arenow closed so that the coldairforced into theduct or ducts-,24 will bedischarged yinto the car instead Yot'- to the outer air. 'Air' fromwithin the car isdrawninto chamber 3,3 throughl in. let passage 50, andarwill also be sucked.

ifi-om the lowervpportionof the car through gril1es;43,passages42,airy-passages 41 'and` 39-.and outlet 46 and thence through inlet a5 0into chamber` 33. In this manner a down, ward; circulation of the.cooledvairuvillfbe VmaintainedA throughout the. cai--QWhen thei130temperature has been lowered to the desired point, thermostat 56 willcause motor 54 to close the opening 50 and open the inlet 5l so that theair drawn from within the car into chamber 33 will passdirect to theinlet 36 of the fan and not through the refrigerating ele-I ments 31. Inthis manner the air ciiculatioii within the car will be kept up, but thetemperature of this air will no longer be lowered through contact withrefrigerating element 31'; TVhen the temperature has againrisen abovethe desired point, tlieiniostat 56 will again actuate motor 5a to causethe closures 52 and'53 to be shifted so that the air cui'rent will againpass through refrigerating element 3l. v

As indicated in Fig. 2, a single chamber 33 is positioned in the upperportion of the car midway between the sides, and a pair ot fans 32situated in this chamber areadapted to Ypropel air through therespective sets of ducts-orair passages at each side of the car.

VAlternetively, a separate chamber 33 and a coiri'ilcte set of theelements shown therein in Fig. l, could be positioned at each side-ofthe car so as to serve Vthe distributing y ducts or passages at thatside of the car.

In Figs. 6 and 7 is indicated a modified" forrn of heating' systemadapted for installation in old cars in which it would be impracticabletoloc'ate the radiators directly in the side walls ofj the car. Aseparate heating chamber extending longitudinally ofthe car is builtinto the lower side corner thereof, such chamber comprising a front-wall 57, a coverV plate or sill 58 and an'insulated back wall andreiiecting plate 59. In this case the` radiating iins V16 may bepositioned along the entire lengthof the pipes l2 andli of the radiatingloop so as to form a continuous radiator throughout the length of theheating chamber. A. plurality of air inlets 60 and air outlets 61V arepositioned in the front wall 57 I yofthe heating chamber, respectivelybelow -i forni of'theinvention is much the same-asde-g; Y scribedi'nconnection with Figs. ltor inclusive. -I Y Itfisto befunderstoodthattheenclosedfanV 32 fis 'intended to Arepresent.any suitable formand'above the radiating pipes.' In the lower portion of the heatingchamber is positioned an air passage 62 which corresponds to the air- Ypassage' 4l of the first desciibed form orf-thev invention; Thispassage' 62 is provide'dwith i lating system for railway cars, aheatingsysas it progresses longitudinally of thefcar thereby providingfor a more equal distribution 'of air throughout the length of thepassage.. 'The inlet end of air passage 62 iscon= ne'ctedwith 'oiie`\0fthe vertically extending V`ai'i" `{p'assages 39, 'andflthe' operationVof this `within the car openin gates, can be used to` control the airflow through the various passages and the general teim Valves as hereinused is intended to cover all such alternative forms of closures.

IVe claim: Y

l. In a temperature controlling and ventilating system for railway cars,a heating system including radiators in the lower portion oftheczli-l'li air duct in the upper portion of the carfventilatorsconnecting said duct with the outer air, there being a plurality ofoutlets from said duct to the space within the carfaV refrigeratingmeans, an air circulating means, andvalved passages whereby air may becirculated by said circulating means either ,through the refrigeratingmeans and said duct and forced into theupper portion of the car, orcirculated in contact with the radiators and exhausted through the ductand the ventilators. g i

' 2. Ina temperature controlling and ventilating system for railwaycars, aheating system including radiators in the lower portion of thecaigan air duct in the upper portion of the car, ventilators connectingsaid duct with the outer air, there being a pluralit of outlets fromsaid duct to thespace within the car, an air passa-ge leading to thelower portion ofthe car andhaving outlets to the space vwithin the caropening beneath the radiators,

a'chamber having valved connections to the duct and passage, arefrigerating means and an air circulating means positioned in the-chambeig and a valved air Yinlet to the chamclosed,`for-may becirculated through the airY passage and in contact with the radiatorsand exhaustedV through the duct and ventilators.

3. In a temperature controlling andventitem including radiators in' thelower portion of the car, an airr duct in the upper portion of l I y thecar, ventilatorsconnecting said `duct with Vtei-vals as indicated at 64to decrease this areaYY the outerair', there being a plurality ofoutlets from said duct tothe space Within the car, anair passage leadingto the lower portion-of the carand having outlets to the space o'beneath fthe radiators, a chamber havingivaIX-*ed connections totheduct`v and passage;fa.; refrigerating means and Vvan air circulatingmeans positioned in the chamber, and .avalved'air' inlet Vleading to thechamber Y m -thef'spac'e' "within the cai, a valved air inlettothch'amber from the outer air,`said valved passages nndwentilators beingadjustable so that air may be circulated from the car through therefrigerating means and duct and discharged into the upper portion ofthe car with they ventilators closed, or may be drawn from the outerair, forced through the passage in Contact with the radiators andexhausted through the duct and ventilators.

l 4. In a temperature controllinof and venti-` lating system for railwaycars, a heating system including radiators in the lower portion of thecar, an air duct in the upper portion of the car, ventilators connectingsaid duct with the outer air, there being a plurality of outlets fromsaid duct to the space within the car, an air passage leading to thelower portion of the car and having outlets to the space within the caropening beneath the radiators, a chamber having valved connections tothe duct and passage, a refrigerating means and an air circulating meanspositioned in the chamber, and a valved air inlet leading to the chamberfrom the space within the car, a valved air inlet to the chamber fromthe outer air, a humidifier in the chamber between the latter inlet andthe air circulating means, said valved passages being adjustable so thatair may be circulated from the car through the refrigerating means andduct and discharged 3D into the upper portion of the car, with theventilators closed, or may be drawn from the outer air through thehumidifier and forced through the passage over the radiators andexhausted through the duct and ventilators. 5. In a temperaturecontrolling and Ventilating system for railway cars, a heating systemincluding a plurality of radiators' in the lower portion of the car, anair duct in the upper portion of the car provlded with a plurality ofoutlets leading to the space within theA car, a plurality of ventilatorsconnecting the duct with the outer air, a refrigeratlng Ineans and anair circulating means and a chamber in which said means are located,said air duct leading from said chamber, an an' passage leading from thechamber to the lowt er portion of the car and having'outlets to theinterior of the car beneath the several radiators, a closure for theopening between the chamber and air duct, a closure for the opening fromthe chamber to the ai 1` passage, means for opening the closure leadlngto the duct, closing the closure leading to the passage and closing theventilators, or alternatively closing the ventilators, opening theclosure leading to the duct and closing the closure leading to thepassage, an air mlet to the chamber through which air withdrawn fromwithin the car will pass through the refrigerating means, and athermostatically 0p'- erated closure for this inlet;

6. In a temperature controllingy and Ventilating system for railwaycars,a heating system including a plurality of radiators in the lowerportion of the car, an air duct in the upper portion ofthe car providedwith a. plurality of outlets leading to the space within thecar, aplurality of ventilators connecting the duct with the outer air, arefrigerating means and air circulating means'and a 7.0` chamber inwhich said means are located,said air duct leading from said chamber, anair passage leading from lthe chamber to the lower portion of the carand having outlets to the interior of the car beneaththexseveral'radiators, a closure for the opening between the chamber and air duct,a closure'for the opening from the 'chamber' to the air passage, meansfor opening the closure'leading "tof the duct, closing the closureleading to :the pa's-`v- 8P; sage and closing the ventilators, oralterna-3 tively closing the ventilators, opening the clot-f. sureleading to the duct and closing'the :closure leading to the passage,air'inlets tothe chamber from the space within the car, one inletleading directly to the air circulating means and the other leadingthrough the refrigerating means, closures for these inlets, andthermostatic means for n alternatively opening and closing these inletsin accordance with temperature conditions within theV car. 7. In atemperature Vcontrolling and Ventilating system for railway cars,-aheatl ing system including a plurality ofradiatorsv inthe lower portionof the car, an air 4duct in the upper portion of thecar'provided with aplurality of outlets leading to the space within the car, a plurality ofventilators connect- .ing the duct with the outer air, a refrigeratingmeans and air circulating means and a vchamber in which said means arelocated, said air duct leading fromsaid chamber`,"a'n air passageleading from the chamber to the lower portion of the car and havingoutlets to the interior of the car beneath the several radiators, aclosure for the opening between the chamber and air duct, a closure forthe opening from the chamber to the air assage, means for opening theclosure lea ing to the duct, closing the closure leading to the npassage and closing the ventilators, or alternatively closing theventilators, opening the closure leading to the duct and closing'theclosure leading to the passage, air inlets to the chamber from the spacewithinthe car, one inlet leading directly to the air circulating meansand the other leading through therefrigeratingmeans, closures for theseinlets, a motor for closing one inlet and simultaneously opening theother or vice versa, and thermosatic means for controlling the motor.

8. In a temperature controlling and ventilating s stem for railway cars,a heating system inc uding a plurality of radiators in the lower portionofthe car, an air duct in the` upperv portion of the car provided with'a v plurality of outlets leading to the space within the car, aplurality of ventilators connecting the duct with the outer air, arefrigerating means and an air circulating means and mov,

air passage leading from the chamber to the lower portion of the car andhaving outlets to the interior of the car beneath theseveral' radiators,a closure for the opening between the chamber and air duct, a closurefor the openin from the chamber to the air passage, means or opening theclosure leading to the duct, closing the closure leading to the passageand closing the ventilators, or alternatively closing the ventilators,opening the closure leading to the duct and closing the closure leadingto the passage, an air inlet to the chamber through which air withdrawnfrom within the car will pass through the refrigerating means, athermostatically operated closure for this inlet, a valved inlet to thechamber from the outside air and a humidifier in the chamber betweenthis inlet and thel air circulating means.

9. In a temperature controlling and venti- Vlating system for railwaycars, a heating system including a lurality of radiators in theIlower'portion o the car, an air duct in the upper portion of the carprovided with a plurality of outlets leading to the space within thecar, a plurality of ventilators connecting theduct with the outer air, arefrigerating means and an air circulating means and a chamber vin whichsaid means are located, said air duct leading from said chamber, an

'air-passage leading from the chamber to the lower portionof the car andhaving outlets to the interior of the car` beneath the severalradiators, a closure for the opening between the chamber and air duct, aclosure for the opening from the chamber to the air passage,

Y means for opening the closure leading to the duct, closing the closureleadingto the passage and closing the ventilators, or alternativelyclosing the ventilators, opening the closure leading to the duct andclosing the closure leading'to the passage, an air inlet to the chamberthrough which air withdrawn from within the car will pass through therefrigerating means, a valved outlet from the air passage openingadjacent the air inlet, said valved outlet being opened when the ppeningto the passage from the air circulatf' lng means is closed, and athermostatically operated closure chamber. y

10. In a Ventilating system for railway cars, a duct extending along theupper portion of the car, ventilators between said duct and the outerair, said duct having a plurality vfor the air inlet to the of airoutlets leading to the space within the car, a second duct havingoutlets communieating wlth the lower portion of the space within thecar, an air circulating blower,-

outlets leading from the blower to each of the ducts, valve means foropening and closing each vblower outlet and for opening and closing theventilators, and connections whereb the ventilators will be closed whenthe out et from the blower to the upper duct isopen at which time theblower outlet to the lower duct will be closed, and when the blowerconnection to the upper duct is closed and the connection to the lowerduct is opened, the ventilators will be opened.

11. In a Ventilating system for railway cars,a duct extending along theupper portion of the car, ventilators between said duct and the outerair, said duct having a plurality of air outlets leading to the spacewithin the car, a second duct havingoutlets communicating with the lowerportion of the space within the car, an air circulating blower, outletsleading from the blower to each of the ducts, valve means for openingand closing each blower outlet and for opening and closing theventilators, and connections whereby the ventilators will be closed whenthe outlet from the blower to the upper duct is open at which time theblower outlet to the lower duct will be closed, and when the blowerconnection to the upper duct is closed and the connection to the lowerduct is opened, the ventilators will be opened, and valved inletpassages to the blower whereby air may be withdrawn either from thespace within the car or from the outer air.

12. In a Ventilating system for railway cars, a duct extending along theupper portion ofthe car, ventilators between said duct and the outerair, said duct having a plurality of air outlets leading to the spacewithin the car, a second duct having outlets communicating with thelower portion of the space withm the car, an air circulating blower, achamber in which vthe blower is posi-v tioned, air inletsv leading tosaid chamber from the outer air and from the space within the carrespectively, means for separatel controlling said inlets so that eitheror bot may be opened, outlets leading from the blower to each of theducts, valve means for opening and closing each blower outlet and foropening and closing the ventilators, and connections whereby theventilators will be closed when the outlet from the blower to the upperduct is open at which time the blower outlet to the lower duct will beclosed, and when the blower connection to the upper duct is closed andthe connection to the lower duct is opened, the ventilators will beopened, and valved inlet passages to the blower whereby air may bewithdrawn either from the space within the car or from the outer air.

13. In a Ventilating system for railway cars, a duct extending along theupper portion of the car, ventilators between said duct and the outerair, said duct having a plurality of air outlets leading to the spacewithin the car, a second duct having outlets com municating with thepower portion of the space within the car, an air circulating blower, achamber inwhich the blower is posilll tioned, a humidifier in saidchamber, air inlets leading to said chamber from the outer air and Yfromthe space within the car respectively, means for separately controllingsaid inlets so that either or both may be opened,

outlets leadingfrom the blower to cach ofV opened, the ventilators willbe opened, and.

valved inlet passages to the blower whereby air may be withdrawn eitherfrom the space within the car or from the outer air. Y

14:. In a heating and Ventilating means for railway cars, a heatingvsystem comprising radiators mounted in the lower side portions of thecar, au air duct having openings beneath the radiators, anair-circulating blower, and alternative connections` between the blowerand duct whereby air may either be forced through the duct and over theradiators or drawn through the duct from the lower `portion of theenclosed space within the car.

15. In a heating and Ventilating means for railway cars, a heatingsystem comprising radiators mounted in the lower side portions of thecar, an air duct having openings be neath the radiators, anair-circulating blower, a passage through which air may be forced fromsaid blower into the upper portion of the space within the car, andvalve means for alternatively opening said duct to either the inlet oroutlet of the blower and for opening or closing the passage leading fromthe blower, whereby air may be forced through the duct and over theradiators, or may be drawn from the lower portion of the car andprojected through the passage into the upper portion of the car.

16. In a cooling and ventilatin system for railway cars, an air ductextending through the upper portion of the car and provided with aplurality of spaced outlets leading into the space within the car, arefrigerating element, an air`ci rculating blower, two air inlets to theblower, one leading directly from the space within the car, and theother leading through the refrigerating element, and means foralternatively opening and closing these inlets.

17. In a cooling and Ventilating system for railway cars, an air ductextending through the upper portion of the car and provided with aplurality of spaced outlets leading into the space within the car, arefrigerating element, an air circulating blower, two air inlets to theblower, one leading directly from the space within the car, and theother leading through the refrigerating element, and thermostaticallycontrolled means for alternately opening one inlet and closing the otherin accordance with temperature conditions existing within the car..

18, In a cooling and Ventilating system for railway cars, an airductextending through the upper portion of the car and provided with aplurality of spaced outlets leading into the space ywithin the car, arefrigerating element, an air circulating blower, a chamber in whichtherefrigerating element is positioned having an outlet leading through theblower and an inlet leading from the space within the car, a second airinletflead-y ing directly from the space within the car to the blower,closures for the two inlets, a

motor for alternatively opening one closure and slmultaneously closingthe other, and a thermostat positioned within the car for con- ,t'rollinthe motor.

19,.` n a temperature controlling and ventilating system for railwaycars a heating system including radiators positioned -in the lower.portion of the car, an air duct in the upper portion of the car, therebeing a plurality of outlets from the duct to the space within the car,a refrigerating means, an air circulating means, and valved passagesthrough which air may be forced by said circulating means either to therefrigerating means and said duct into the upper portion of the car, ordischarged into the lower portion of the car after passing in contactwith the radiators.

JOHN VAN VULPEN. EDWARD A. RUSSELL.

DISCLAIMER `1,853,477.J0h' Van -Vulpen and Edward A. Russell, Chicago,Ill. AIR CONDI- TIONING F'ORRAILWAY Cans. Patent dated April 12, 1932.Disclaimer e filed August 8, 1934, by the assignee, Vapor Car HeatingCompany, Inc. Hereby enters this disclaimer to claims 16, 17 and 18 ofvsaid patent, which are in the followin words, to-wit: Y

16. Ina coo ng and Ventilating system forA railway cars, an air ductextending through the upper portion of the car and provided with aplurality of spaced outlets leading into the space Within the'car, arefrigerating element, an air circulating blower, two air inlets to theblower, one leading directly from the space withinthe car, andthe otherleading through the refrigerating element, and means for alternativelyopening and closlng these inlets. v

' 17. In a coollng and Ventilating system for railway cars, an air ductextending through the upper portion of the car and provided with aplurality of spaced outlets leading into the space within the car, arefrigerating element, an air circulating blower, two air inlets to theblower, one leading directly from-the s ace within the car, and theother leading through th'e refrigerating element, and t ermostaticallycontrolled'm'eans for alternately opening one inlet and closing theother in accor ance with temperature conditions existing'within the car.

f18. In a cooling and Ventilating-'system for railway cars, an air ductextending through the'upper portion of the car and provided with aplurality of spaced outlets leading into the space within the car, arefrigerating element, an air circulating blower, a chamber in whichvthe refrigerating element is positioned having an outlet leadin throughthe blower and an inlet leading from the space within the car, a seconair inlet leading directly from the space within the car to the blower,closures vfor the two inlets, a motor for alternatively openin voneVclosure and simultaneously closingthe other, and athermostatf'positioned wlthinthe car for controlling the motor.

. I. [Oficial Gazette September-4, 193451,'

